In Junior Kindergarten, students are given multiple opportunities to grow and expand upon their preschool experience. We strive to ensure all students’ academic and social needs are met at their current level and challenged as the year progresses. We cultivate and encourage a strong collaborative atmosphere in which students feel nurtured, secure, and free to learn from their experiences. We aim to create well-rounded global citizens who are empathetic and knowledgeable. We achieve these goals through discovery, exploration, and understanding of each child’s valuable contribution to the classroom community.

Language Arts

The Junior Kindergarten language arts program builds upon our Preschool curriculum, providing a dynamic environment where students cultivate essential skills. Central to this program is high-quality children’s literature, which fosters engaging and inclusive group discussions that empower children to contribute meaningfully in class. Students develop a robust vocabulary and refine their oral communication skills through small and whole-group lessons and activities. Throughout the year, students progress from dictating stories to independently developing their writing abilities.

Junior Kindergarten introduces children to the Orton-Gillingham phonics approach, emphasizing letter-sound relationships and age-appropriate phonological awareness skills. Junior Kindergarten also prioritizes proper letter formation and recognition using developmentally appropriate Handwriting Without Tears techniques. Additionally, our program integrates many hands-on, multisensory materials to enhance gross and fine motor skills, which are crucial for early writing proficiency.

Science

Junior Kindergarten science has an overarching theme of the five senses; students make relevant and concrete connections to their experiences in their environment and the greater world around them. The students utilize the school’s many outdoor learning spaces, giving them the opportunity to explore and discover at their own pace. Additionally, each classroom is equipped with a science center that rotates to reflect current learning topics. Students are also given ample time to investigate and experiment with open-ended science materials and manipulatives. We teach age-appropriate scientific terminology and encourage students to use this language when exploring independently. 

Topics covered throughout junior kindergarten include:

• • Earth Science: Seasons and weather, arctic and ocean habitats
  • Life Science: Five senses, oviparous animals, arctic and ocean animals, plants & life cycles, insects
  • Environmental Science

Math

The Junior Kindergarten Math program gives students the opportunity to develop a strong beginning number sense. Junior Kindergarteners use a variety of materials, hands-on manipulatives, and visual aids and incorporate kinesthetic elements to encourage and engage the students in a multisensory math experience. Junior Kindergarten students are introduced to Singapore Math terminology. The use of consistent and uniform mathematical language enables students to scaffold their existing knowledge, helping them engage in higher-level thinking and problem-solving skills. Some concepts and topics that we introduce are:

• Patterning of varying complexity 
• Number recognition from 0-20
• Number formation and writing 0-20
• 1 to 1 correspondence
• Sorting and sequencing
• Counting by rote 
• Subitizing
• Measurement
• Graphing
• Beginning addition and subtraction skills through the use of Number Bonds 

Social Studies

The Junior Kindergarten Social Studies program encourages children to appreciate both the familiar and the unfamiliar, fostering empathy and understanding. Junior Kindergarten, social studies curriculum, opens windows to the world, encouraging our students to embrace diversity, cherish similarities, and celebrate differences. Through high-quality children's literature, students delve into diverse themes, celebrating the bonds of family, the warmth of home, and the excitement of school life. They discover the unique narratives of Indigenous Peoples, embracing their stories and traditions with respect and curiosity. Holidays become adventures as students learn about the customs and festivities of different cultures. Fairy tales enchant young minds, while real-life heroes inspire compassion and courage. Our curriculum is designed to nurture a deep understanding of social and emotional concepts alongside rich cultural experiences. 

Music

Junior Kindergarten students gain confidence in expressing themselves musically while developing essential skills for future musical endeavors. Students have music classes two times per rotation.  Junior Kindergarten students are beginning to build a solid foundation in music through:

• Singing and listening
• Engaging in pre-notation-reading activities
• Creative movement and dance
• Playing rhythm instruments
• Participating in performances throughout the year

World Languages: Spanish and French

In Junior Kindergarten class, students will learn basic classroom commands and greetings. They will listen to short stories with illustrations and will use common vocabulary such as numbers, colors, and basic greetings. Class resources will include:

• Books
• Songs 
• Games 
• Multimedia

Physical Education

Junior Kindergarten continues to build upon the skills learned in Preschool. The children actively participate in a variety of movement activities throughout the year to continue to strengthen their gross motor development. The activities they engage in promote the school's commitment to physical fitness and health. 

Field Trips

Congressional Junior Kindergarten students have the opportunity to go on several different types of field trips throughout the year. These field trips are engaging, enriching, hands-on learning experiences that enhance the curriculum. Past field trips have included: farmer’s markets, productions at the Smithsonian, and the National Zoo.

Kindergarten is a time for great discovery. Our Kindergarteners are given opportunities to flex their natural curiosity, their growing muscles and their social capabilities all in a day’s work. Though part of Lower School, kindergarten is a transition between the Early Childhood Program and Lower School. Students work on mastering literacy skills; are introduced to Singapore Math concepts; and receive increased instruction with specialty teachers in art, music, physical education, and world language. At the same time, students spend time learning in centers and have plenty of time for play.

Language Arts

The Kindergarten Literacy Program offers a structured and multisensory approach to teaching reading and spelling skills utilizing the Orton-Gillingham method. Through activities like phonemic awareness exercises, letter-sound correspondence, sight word recognition, and decoding practice, students develop essential literacy skills. With a focus on small group instruction and engaging, hands-on activities, our program sets a strong foundation for early reading success. Congressional School uses a structured, sequential, multisensory approach to teaching reading, spelling, and writing. When designing goals for kindergarten students, it's important to focus on foundational skills and early literacy development.

Science

There is perhaps no greater point of curiosity on life’s learning curve than that of kindergarten.  So it is no wonder that students thrive in the natural laboratory that is kindergarten. Kindergarteners use a variety of hands-on STEM-based activities and resources to go in-depth on scientific topics.  Whether they’re making it rain in the classroom, measuring their body weight on other planets, or completing their own taste tests, there is no greater place to ask a question, make a good guess, observe carefully, and write down what you see.  

Topics covered in kindergarten science include:

• Weather and Seasons: Students identify concepts and characteristics of the four seasons, including typical weather
• Human Body: Students investigate the major systems of the body and the characteristics of major organs
• Nutrition: Students identify foods and classify them into food groups
• Solar System: Students learn to recognize the characteristics of the sun, including day and night

Dinosaurs: Students explore the characteristics and history of the dinosaurs and classify dinosaurs as herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores

Math

Congressional Schools’ Singapore Math program emphasizes the progression of math concepts from the concrete to the pictorial to the abstract. It’s this progression that helps children to better understand the “why” behind mathematical operations.  Children develop an appreciation for math, as a means of solving a problem.  The result is children with a depth of understanding and confidence in their approach.  Students are challenged to solve problems in multiple ways and explain their thinking.  Some of the topics covered in Kindergarten include:

• Numbers and Number Sense within 100
• Addition & Subtraction 
• Number Bonds as Part-Whole
• Geometry, Measurement, and Patterning
• Money and Time  
• Place Value within 100

Social Studies

Our Kindergarten social studies program is designed to introduce young learners to foundational concepts of self-awareness, community, diversity, and global citizenship. Through engaging activities, interactive lessons, and meaningful experiences, we aim to instill a love for learning and a sense of responsibility towards society. 

Curriculum Highlights:

• Self-Identity and Awareness: Helping children develop a sense of self and understand their roles within the family and community.
• Family and Community: Exploring the concept of family, community helpers, and basic rules for social interaction.
• Geography: Introducing basic geographical concepts such as landforms, directions, and map reading skills.
• Cultural Awareness: Celebrating diversity through learning about different cultures, traditions, and holidays.
• History: Introducing key historical figures, events, and national symbols in a simplified manner.
• Citizenship and Responsibility: Instilling values of respect, cooperation, and civic responsibility.
• Economics: Introducing basic economic concepts such as needs, wants, and basic financial literacy.
• Global Awareness: Broadening horizons by introducing children to different countries, languages, and global interdependence.

Music

Kindergarten students attend music classes three times per rotation. Kindergarten music classes nurture a lifelong love of music and movement while providing children with opportunities to explore and develop foundational musical skills through engaging activities, group participation, and performance opportunities. At this age, children are beginning to tune their bodies to the different beats and rhythms of various kinds of music.  For some, it will mark their first time playing an instrument or learning to vocalize and sing as a part of a group. Children in kindergarten will also learn some of the following:

• To aurally repeat simple duple and triple rhythm patterns
• To identify the difference between high and low sounds, loud and soft sounds, and fast and slow beats
• To identify, create, and play rhythm patterns by clapping, drumming, or using percussion instruments 
• To demonstrate the difference between their singing and speaking voices
• To recognize instruments by sight and sound
• To improvise movements to music

World Languages

Bienvenidos amigos! (Welcome, friends!)  Venez apprendre avec nous! (Come learn with us!)  Congressional Students can select 1 of the 2 World Languages: Spanish or French. Both Spanish and French students will learn about the following:

• Greetings
• Colors
• Feelings
• Weather and clothing
• Numbers

All this through diverse resources such as: books, songs, games, and multimedia.

Physical Education

Children in Kindergarten will attend Physical Education class four days a week. Kindergarteners are embarking on a journey of formal physical education and a lifetime of movement. They are curious and eager to learn new skills. Some kindergarten students are kinesthetic learners who use their bodies to understand the world. The qualities of color, shape, texture, and space are important concepts for kindergarten students that should be taught in different subject areas. The concept of circle, for example, can be learned by writing, drawing, and through physical education activities that use circles. Physical Education enhances kindergarten students’ skills of learning through physical actives. The students will learn about:

• Movement Concepts
• Body Management
• Locomotive Movement
• Manipulative Skills
• Rhythmic Skills

Field Trips

Field trips are an important component of the curriculum at Congressional that allow children to engage in their learning beyond the four walls of the classroom.  Children look forward to the opportunity to travel to destinations that bring concepts to life through demonstration, activity and hands-on experience. Children return to campus with experience that further extends their depth of appreciation on a range of topics.  In kindergarten, those topics include:

• Pumpkin Patch
• Air and Space Museum
• Museum of Natural History
• Nature Center

Art

Kindergarteners attend a specialty art class twice a week to develop their own ability to create and appreciate art.  During their kindergarten year, our young artists create a portfolio of masterpieces that include their very own self-portraits.  Art is another setting in which to extend the learning that begins in their home base classrooms. In kindergarten, children use their discovery of primary and secondary colors to create a 3D healthy food color wheel that links directly to their study of nutrition. Consistent with their emerging literacy skills, children’s literature read in art class serves as inspiration for many of the creations our children will embark on during the year. Over the course of the year, children gain experience with many different artistic concepts, including:

• The identification of primary and secondary colors
• Introduction to famous artists and identification of their work
• Use of textures, lines, shapes and patterns
• Learn to care for art materials
• Introduction to a wide variety of media and techniques, including tempera, watercolor, paints, graphite and colored pencils, markers, crayons, oil pastels, collage, and Model Magic.
• Vocabulary relative to specific media, techniques, and subject matter

Library

There is perhaps no greater playground for the mind than the library. Through weekly visits to the library, Congressional students are given instruction to assist them in learning to navigate the world of information that is available to them. Our librarian carefully aligns units of instruction to those taught in classes so that children are able to extend their own learning through a vast collection of books.  In kindergarten, children focus on the following skills:

• Learn the role of the librarian.
• Understand that library materials are available in various formats
• Develop reading, listening, and discussion skills
• Identify the parts of a book
• Understand the difference between fiction and non-fiction

First Grade represents a period of tremendous cognitive, social and emotional growth for young children.  Congressional Schools’ First Grade program mirrors the energy, excitement and enthusiasm of the typical first grade student through a rigorous and challenging academic program. Our first graders are given the room to question assumptions, to fully explore topics and to collaborate with their peers. Busy, fast-paced days that encompass academics, team-work, movement and creativity are all the motifs of the wonderful canvas that is first grade.

Language Arts

The First Grade Language Arts Curriculum integrates two highly effective methodologies, Orton Gillingham and Writing Revolution Hochman Method, to provide a comprehensive and engaging learning experience. Focused on literacy development, this curriculum aims to foster a strong foundation in reading, writing, and language skills.

While working on phonics and phonemic awareness, students undergo systematic and explicit instruction to enhance decoding skills. Multi-sensory activities, incorporating sight, sound, touch, and movement, are employed to deepen phonemic awareness, with a specific emphasis on blending, segmenting, and manipulating sounds within words. The curriculum adopts a structured literacy approach, integrating reading, writing, listening, and speaking activities while offering sequential, step-by-step lessons and differentiated instruction to cater to individual learning needs.

The Writing Revolution places a significant emphasis on the writing process, guiding students through prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing. In first grade, students are encouraged to explore creative expression. There is a strong emphasis on understanding and developing a complete and descriptive sentence. Students are challenged to expand their sentences and paragraphs by asking questions like who, what, where, when, why, and how. Additionally, there is a strong emphasis on enhancing handwriting through proper letter formation. While writing, students are encouraged to spell words based on known spelling patterns and phonetic principles. In all writing activities, first graders are taught to self-edit their work by checking for capitalization, understanding, punctuation, and spelling. 

By blending the Orton Gillingham and Writing Revolution Hochman methodologies, we strive to create a dynamic and supportive learning environment, empowering students to become confident readers and writers.

Science

First-grade students embark on an exciting scientific journey with a curriculum divided into four engaging units. They kick off by exploring the dual wonders of light and sound, delving into properties, reflections, and vibrations. Next, the adventure takes them to space, where they learn about the solar system, planets, and the Earth's rotation, including an exploration of the moon and the sun. The third unit immerses students in the captivating realms of plants and animals, unraveling the mysteries of life cycles, habitats, and adaptation. The curriculum concludes with an exploration of engineering in nature, encouraging students to apply their newfound knowledge to solve real-world problems. This comprehensive approach aligns with NGSS standards, fostering curiosity, critical thinking, and hands-on learning throughout the first-grade science experience. 

Topics covered in first-grade science include:

• Light, Sound, and Vibrations: Students plan and conduct investigations to provide evidence that vibrating materials can make sound, that sound can make materials vibrate, and that objects can only be seen when illuminated. 
• Animals and Plants: Students design and model a solution to a human problem by mimicking how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs.
• Space Systems: Students make and use observations of the sun, moon, and stars to describe patterns that can be predicted.

Math

Congressional Schools’ Singapore Math program emphasizes the progression of math concepts from the concrete to the pictorial to the abstract. It’s this progression that helps children to better understand the “why” behind mathematical operations. Children in first grade develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills while cultivating an appreciation for math. The result is children gain a strong depth of understanding and confidence in their approach.  Some of the concepts covered during first grade include:

• Numbers to 120 – developing a thorough number sense
• Number Bonds -- dividing numbers into two parts in different ways
• Addition and subtraction – with and without regrouping utilizing multiple strategies
• Measurement - Standard and Non-Standard 
• Time, Money, and Data
• 2D and 3D Shapes

Social Studies

In first grade, our comprehensive approach integrates key academic skills with essential life lessons. In the core values unit, students explore concepts such as respect, integrity, perseverance, responsibility, and kindness, fostering a positive and inclusive classroom community. Social-emotional learning takes center stage as students identify, name, and understand emotions, promoting self-awareness and empathy. Through engaging activities, they develop the emotional intelligence needed for successful collaboration and relationship building.

The exploration continues with a fascinating unit on maps, where students learn the basics of geography and spatial understanding. They embark on a journey of understanding their place in the world. Students begin to understand how they fit in our world, continent, country, state, city, and finally, community. Through project-based learning, students become expert map makers understanding the importance and parts of the map, including scale, map keys, and the compass rose. 

Through interactive lessons, students learn to distinguish between wants and needs, promoting responsible decision-making. Throughout the year, students celebrate diversity by exploring various cultural traditions and festivities. Understanding cultures fosters a sense of global citizenship.

During social studies, we strive to provide a well-rounded education that goes beyond academic knowledge, nurturing the whole child.

Music

First graders attend a specialty music class three times a rotation.  Whether they’re tuning into various rhythm patterns or learning to sing and vocalize as a group, they’re always focused on a range of skills that support their natural appreciation for the joy of music. In addition to their musical instruction, students are given multiple opportunities throughout the year to perform at special concert events like the Winter Concert, Grandfriends Day/Spring Arts Showcase, and the Primary School musical.  Students gain self-confidence as they perform as an ensemble, sing solos, and speak loudly and distinctly in front of the class and in front of the Congressional community. Students explore different genres of music as they study composers from the past and present. Some of the skills our first graders learn include:

• Developing their singing voices using a wide repertoire of songs
• Playing simple accompaniments on drums, ukuleles, xylophones, and other percussion instruments
• Actively listening to music, recognizing timbre, form, and instruments
• Moving creatively and dancing to many genres of music

World Languages: Spanish & French

Bienvenidos amigos! (Welcome, friends!) Venez apprendre avec nous! Both language programs meet four times a rotation week. These programs expose children to culture and life. There is an emphasis on learning through context, supporting language acquisition. First graders expand their prior vocabulary to include words related to:

•  Greetings
•  Days
•  Community helpers
• Pets
• Polite expressions 
• Basic commands 
• Fruits and vegetables 

All this is through songs, games, projects, and multimedia.

Physical Education

Children in First Grade will attend Physical Education class four days a week. Many first graders can demonstrate the proper form for jumping, hopping, galloping, sliding, walking, running, leaping, and skipping. Additional practice opportunities and instruction should be provided for children who are experiencing difficulties with these skills. First graders are genuinely excited about learning in physical education. They anticipate the excitement and fun associated with moving and learning. The Physical Education teachers will harness this energy and enthusiasm and channel it to help our first graders develop skills and build a solid movement foundation. Students will learn how to utilize knowledge of psychological and sociological concepts, principles, and strategies that apply to the learning and performance of physical activity.

• Concepts covered include:
• Movement
• Body Management
• Locomotive Skills
• Manipulative Skills
• Rhythmic Skills
• Fitness Knowledge
• Muscular Strength/Endurance
• Flexibility
• Muscular Strength/Endurance
• Self-Responsibility

Field Trips

Field trips are an important component of the curriculum at Congressional that allows children to engage in their learning beyond the four walls of the classroom.  Children look forward to the opportunity to travel to destinations that bring concepts to life through demonstration, activity, and hands-on experience. Children return to campus with experience that further extends their depth of appreciation on a range of topics.  

In first grade, trips may include the following:

• National Building Museum – City by Design
• George Mason University Theater
• Hidden Pond Nature Center
• Discovery Theater Performances

Art

First graders attend specialty art classes twice a week at Congressional.  Refining the skills begun in Kindergarten, students in first grade can also be found using earthenware clay, painting, creating tapestry weavings or making art inspired by stories and poetry from their reading.  As they navigate their Social Studies unit on Africa, our young artists continue to investigate patterns and create a paper Kente cloth, which originates in Ghana.  Margaret Musgrove’s “The Spider Weaver” sets the stage for this artistic exploration of African culture.  First-grade artwork can be found on display throughout the school year and during Fine Arts Week, held every spring.   Some of the skills our first graders learn include:

• Identifying primary & secondary colors, warm and cool colors 
• Learning to care for art materials
• Understanding line varieties
• Mixing secondary paint colors
• Understanding texture, both visual and tactile
• Identifying shapes, including geometric and organic
• Understanding patterns; alternating and repeating
• Using real and imaginary sources of inspiration
• Using vocabulary relative to specific media, techniques, and subject matter

Library

There is perhaps no greater playground for the mind than the library.  Through weekly visits to the library, Congressional students are given instruction to assist them in learning to navigate the world of information that is available to them. Our librarian carefully aligns units of instruction to those taught in classes so that children are able to extend their own learning through a vast collection of books.  In first grade, children focus on the following skills:

• Choosing independent reading books that are appropriate to their reading level
• Recognizing and appreciating award-winning books such as Caldecott and Newbery Medal books
• Understanding what it means to be a good digital citizen
• Understanding how the library is organized 
• Locating and using the online catalog for basic searching

Second Grade is a time when children’s interest and enthusiasm are rivaled only by their growing confidence as students.  The ability to read, write, study, and think critically about the world around them is what engages second graders to be their best selves.  Whether their interests lie in reading, writing, math, science, or all of the above, the second-grade program is designed to challenge the students while also stretching their young minds.  Through a carefully crafted program that emphasizes strong academics, students in 2nd grade reach their highest potential.

Math

Science

Social Studies

Music

Art

Physical Education

Library

Field Trips

Third Grade at Congressional is an adventure ripe with rich learning opportunities and activities to engage third graders’ intellectual curiosity.  Congressional third graders are highly motivated by their ability to work collaboratively with peers in the classroom.  Through a rigorous and challenging program, students in Third Grade continue to build a strong academic foundation that will prepare them for the 4th grade and beyond.

Language Arts

Math

Science

Social Studies

World Languages

Music

Third graders attend a specialty music class multiple times a rotation.  Children in third grade are deepening their musical aptitude as they begin to sing with simple harmonies focusing on proper breath control and vocal technique.  During third grade, they’re coached on how to respond accurately to musical terms such as dynamics and tempo markings. Musical direction is in place to support their natural appreciation for the joy of music.   Children may attend field trips such as children’s opera, dance, and musicals to further support their appreciation for the role of music in various settings.  In addition to their musical instruction, students are given multiple opportunities throughout the year to perform at special events like the Winter Concert and the Spring Arts Showcase.  Children may also be members of the chorus during the annual Middle School musical.  Some of the skills our third graders learn include:

• Using movement to explore and understand tonal patterns and their relationship to one another
• Exploring melodic patterns on the xylophones.
• Playing guitars, ukuleles, and percussion instruments to accompany songs.
• Playing complex rhythms on the tubanos in both duple and triple meter
• Identifying the direction of aural melodic patterns

Art

Physical Education

Library

Field Trips

Fourth Grade represents an intersection between the experiences and lessons of Lower School and the future that awaits them in grades 5 through 8.  Congressional Fourth Graders are eager and capable in their approach and are well-prepared for the high academic standards of Middle School.  Through a rigorous and challenging program that emphasizes independence and “ownership of learning,” students complete the foundation needed to move to Middle School.  By the end of 4th grade, students will be academically prepared to negotiate the rigors and expectations of Middle School academics.

Language Arts

Math

Science

Social Studies

Music

World Languages: Spanish & French

Art

Physical Education

Library

Health, Human Development, and Sexuality Education

The Health, Human Development, and Sexuality Education curriculum at Congressional School is designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate the social, emotional, and physical changes during adolescence and maintain optimal wellness.  At Congressional School, we view health and sexuality education as a life-long process of acquiring information, forming one’s identity and values, and developing skills and behaviors for healthy relationships and overall well-being.  Curiosity is normal, and we equip students with age-appropriate knowledge, skills, and resources for information and support. We partner with parents/ guardians in promoting health-enhancing behaviors for their students.  Educational opportunities are provided for parents/guardians to enhance their understanding of health and sexual development, learn strategies for parent-child communication, and familiarize themselves with the curricula.

Students in grades 4 – 8 participate in lessons taught by the school counselor, who creates a safe space where students reflect, ask questions, and connect their values, attitudes, and ideas to course topics.  With a focus on healthy relationships and physical and emotional well-being, students engage in discussions and activities designed to hone skills in decision-making, communication, conflict resolution, setting boundaries, affirmative consent, being an “upstander,” navigating peer pressure, media literacy, healthy behaviors, and self-advocacy. Students should be able to apply their knowledge and skills in their daily lives on and offline.  

Grade 4 - Health & Human Development 

The Health and Sexuality classes focus on relationships skills, such as conflict resolution strategies, setting boundaries, obtaining consent, and effective communication skills in person and online, physical and emotional health and safety, including anatomy, hygiene, sleep, emotion regulation tools, nutrition, and consenting and non-consenting touch/contact. Students are taught to be critical viewers of the media as it relates to body image and relationships. Students are encouraged to ask questions and continue these conversations at home with parents and guardians.

Field Trips

Fifth Grade marks the transition into Middle School at Congressional.  Beginning this year, students change classes throughout the day, working with specialist teachers who challenge and guide them. The curriculum in Middle School looks ahead to the students’ future academic needs, with a strong focus on preparing them intellectually, socially, and academically for the rigors of high school.

Language Arts

In fifth grade, students build on the reading, writing, grammar, and vocabulary skills they developed in the Lower School.

The English 5 curriculum provides students with opportunities to grow as readers through experiences with different kinds of texts. Students practice reading for information, making text connections, and noticing the author’s craft. As writers, students demonstrate creative and critical thinking through a variety of forms, including poems, narratives, letters, speeches, and informative writing.

As readers, students engage with texts of varied lengths, forms, and genres. Shared texts include Promises to Keep by Sharon Robinson and The Breadwinner by Deborah Ellis, as well as selected poetry, short essays, and news articles. Book clubs provide an opportunity for differentiation and student autonomy.

Students also engage in regular vocabulary study using word lists derived from the shared class texts. Students also study morphology and word parts, including affixes as well as Latin and Greek bases. Grammar study is also ongoing throughout the year through the Daily Grammar Practice series, with a focus on parts of speech, sentence parts, types of sentences, conventions, and diagramming.

Math

Congressional Schools’ Singapore Math program emphasizes the progression of math concepts from the concrete to the pictorial to the abstract. It’s this progression that helps children to better understand the “why” behind mathematical operations.  Children develop an appreciation for math as a means of solving a problem.  The result is children with a depth of understanding and confidence in their approach.

Fifth-grade math is taught with a collaborative, hands-on approach where students are challenged to explore the deeper concepts beyond the processes and procedures of the standard algorithms in a safe, risk-taking environment. Students continue their study of operations, in particular, revisiting and expanding on the order of operations and each of the whole number operations, exploring fraction concepts and operations, and decimal operations and applications.  The skills of estimation and approximation are practiced in many different contexts throughout the year.  An introduction to ratios as a means to compare two and three quantities is presented and connected to the study of fractions.

Students further their knowledge of geometry by first revisiting the concepts of perimeter and area. Students discover the formula for calculating the area of right triangles, explore relationships between area and volume, and learn to calculate the volume of rectangular prisms, including problem-solving for missing dimensions. Students continue to work to define the characteristics, relationships, and properties of angles, triangles, and quadrilaterals.

Through various projects, the idea that math is more than a set of procedures is developed and reinforced.  Highlights include:

• Solving ratio word problems using Singapore “tape diagram” strategies
• Communicating mathematical ideas effectively
• Applying new concepts through projects and collaborative activities
• Taking risks when applying new ideas and concepts
• Finding patterns in numbers and operations
• Exploring the logic of geometry

Science

The middle school science curriculum aims to develop scientifically literate and caring individuals capable of making informed choices in an increasingly complex world. As fifth-grade science students, students have the opportunity to explore different areas of science, such as chemistry, life science, and earth science. Throughout the year, students build scientific knowledge, practice scientific inquiry, and develop critical thinking. Students engage in hands-on learning activities and complete student-driven projects. Our goal is to encourage students to question, experiment, and create in a way that is relevant to their everyday lives!

Topics covered in fifth-grade science include:

• The Scientific Method: Students learn how to work safely in a laboratory environment and design their first scientific investigation.
• Structure and Properties of Matter: Students explore the nature of matter, different types of matter, and physical/chemical change.
• Matter and Energy in the Biosphere: Students explore how matter and energy cycle through ecosystems. They develop an understanding of the interdependent relationships that exist between organisms and their environment.
• Human Impacts on Earth’s Systems: Students investigate how human activity impacts our planet, for better and for worse. They understand the interconnectedness between Earth’s systems and our human population.
• Science Fair: All students participate in our yearly Congressional Science Fair. Students choose a research question, make a hypothesis, design their experiment, collect data, analyze results, and present their findings to our school community.

Social Studies

In fifth grade, students journey through a study of pivotal events in American History. They embark on a review of key map skills and then apply those skills as they learn about the choices West Africans had to make to survive being enslaved and brought to the Americas. Next, students explore U.S. expansion into the West in the 1800s and how this affected those people who already lived there. Students then familiarize themselves with the key events of the Civil War using the context of history and geography. The impact of the American Industrial Revolution is then explored. Finally, the year culminates with the identification of key changes and inventions in the history of the United States that have affected their own lives.

Each of these units involves a number of important skills, such as comparing and contrasting, sequencing events, identifying main ideas and details, collecting and synthesizing information, interpreting graphic information, organizing, analyzing, and evaluating resources, and writing for a variety of Social Studies purposes.

Hands-on learning and problem-solving opportunities are regularly woven into the student’s learning experience as a way to engage and equip them with important critical thinking practices. Students hone their ability to communicate and collaborate when they work with our third graders to recreate the food, shelter, and clothing elements of Native American migration. Working in small groups, students use cooperation and organization skills to create descriptive videos detailing the key aspects of history. Role-play, 3D (virtual and actual) models, and numerous apps became the communication choices for a deep dive into the Civil War. These experiences help them to construct their own knowledge in meaningful, active ways.

Fifth Grade Social Studies Overview:

• Geography of the United States
• Slavery in the Americas
• Manifest Destiny and Settling West
• The Causes of the Civil War
• The Civil War
• The American Industrial Revolution
• The Modern United States

French

In Middle School, the French program meets five times in a six-day rotation. The program continues to support language acquisition through context and real-life experiences. In fifth grade, students will improve their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in French while exploring the language and culture of France and the Francophone countries around the world.

A key aspect of learning French is using the language in the actual world outside the classroom setting. French Level 1a: Introduction to the French language and culture spanning a two-year curriculum.

At Congressional, technology is integrated with Chromebooks and SmartBoards, enabling students to access authentic information in French and offering students the opportunity to interact with other French speakers. Students will continue to work toward mastering the important knowledge, skills, and understanding of French conversation, grammar, and culture.

• Focus on developing proficiency in reading, writing, listening, and speaking French.
• Exploration of French and Francophone cultures worldwide.
• Emphasis on enhancing listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.
• Activities include skit performances, novel reading, conversational exercises, and essay writing.
• The grammatical study covers present tenses, question formation, and irregular verbs.
• Themes include greetings, self-introductions, family dynamics, cuisine, weather, and education. Vocabulary acquisition encompasses a broad range of topics essential for daily communication and cultural understanding. Students will learn about nationalities, schools, and the French school system, including necessary school supplies. Additionally, they will explore numerical expressions, time-telling, days of the week, months, and weather conditions, deepening their grasp of basic concepts. Further, students will delve into adjective placement and prepositions of location to enhance their descriptive language skills. In addition to discussing transportation modes such as cars, boats, planes, and trains, students will gain insight into their cultural significance and usage in French-speaking contexts. Through these comprehensive language learning experiences, students will develop fluency and proficiency in French.
• Project-based learning in French Level 1 provides students with engaging opportunities to apply language skills in practical contexts. They will begin by presenting "Je me présente" to introduce themselves, discussing aspects such as age, size, siblings, hobbies, and pets, thereby mastering vocabulary related to personal identity. Further, students will create family trees to describe their own families or fictional families, solidifying family-related vocabulary. In addition, students will collaborate with a partner to perform a skit set in a school environment, enhancing their speaking skills and applying school-related vocabulary. They will also analyze and compare French and American schools, highlighting differences and similarities to deepen cultural understanding. Furthermore, students will select a famous person to describe, practicing descriptive language and cultural knowledge. Lastly, they will choose a theme and adapt a Pecha Kucha presentation for French Level 1, considering the limited vocabulary of beginner learners. Through these projects, students will strengthen their language proficiency while exploring diverse topics and cultural aspects.
• Engagement in French holiday traditions will involve active participation in cultural festivities, including the meticulous preparation of traditional recipes such as "Crêpes," "Bûche de Noël," "Mille-Feuille," and "Galette des Rois."

Spanish

In Middle School, the Spanish program meets five times in a six-day rotation. The program continues to support language acquisition through context and real-life experiences. In fifth grade, students will develop their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in Spanish while exploring the language and culture of Spanish-speaking countries around the world.

• Spanish Level 1a: Introduction to the Spanish language and culture spanning a two-year curriculum.
• Focus on developing proficiency in reading, writing, listening, and speaking Spanish.
• Exploration of Spanish-speaking cultures worldwide.
• Emphasis on enhancing listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.
• Activities include skit performances, novel reading, conversational exercises, themed writing, and projects.
• The grammatical study covers nouns and articles, present tenses, question formation, likes/dislikes, and descriptive adjectives.
• Themes include greetings and farewells, introductions, courtesy expressions, classroom and school life, family dynamics, and occupations.
• Vocabulary acquisition includes nationalities, numerical expressions, telling time, and weather conditions.
• Training in understanding intonation patterns and different sentence types through the Buena Gente video series
• Practice in constructing grammatically correct sentences and using interrogative expressions with correct punctuation and spelling.
• Reinforcement of vocabulary through daily conversations and reading comprehension exercises.
• Projects include skits, All About Me, a school scavenger hunt, a family album, flipbooks, show and tell, and the Buena Gente video series.
• Read short stories and novels in Spanish.
• Participate in Hispanic traditions and holidays like “Día de los Muertos,” “Las Posadas,” and “el Día de los Reyes Magos” while gaining an appreciation for Hispanic culture.

Music

The middle school music curriculum aims to provide students with a rich and immersive musical experience that encompasses a wide range of genres, skills, and cultural perspectives. Each student is required to take general music one trimester each year. Whether students are interested in playing instruments, singing in choirs, or exploring music theory, the curriculum offers abundant opportunities for them to pursue their musical passions and embark on a lifelong journey of musical discovery and expression.

The Middle School music program implements a vertically aligned curriculum approach. This offers a structured and coherent learning journey for students, enabling them to progressively enhance their musical abilities year by year. By building upon skills from the previous year, students can develop a solid foundation while also being encouraged to explore and express their creativity. This method not only cultivates technical proficiency but also fosters a deeper appreciation for music and allows students to develop their unique artistic voice.

Here are a few of the skills that music students will begin to develop by grade level:

Fifth Grade:

• Music literacy: Read and notate complex rhythm patterns, sight reading melodies, and identifying common forms of music
• Performance: Exhibit techniques for ensemble singing, play a variety of repertoire on both pitched and unpitched instruments, play and singing with expression
• Creating music: Improvise melodic and rhythmic phrases using a variety of sound sources and compose melodies and rhythms using a variety of notational systems.
• Aesthetics: Express their personal, emotional, and intellectual responses to music and analyze how music can evoke emotion and be persuasive

Art

In 5th Grade Art, students develop skills in process, product, critical and creative thinking, elements of art, and aesthetics. Within these, students will explore the four units of Identity, Object Representation, Abstraction, and 3D Art.

In 5th Grade, students focus on exploration through learning to work with a range of various tools, processes, and media. They learn to make choices that enhance the communication of their ideas through foundational mediums such as colored pencils, acrylic paint, pen, and clay. Some projects that might be explored include sketchbook design, typography, contour drawing, and clay-chia pets. To further their study of art, Congressional students may also take a field trip that includes visits to the Freer-Sackler Gallery, and the NGA Contemporary wing, among others.

Other units in art include:

• Optical Art
• Identity Tags
• Fantasy Clay Animals

Physical Education

Physical Education is a daily class for Fifth Graders. There is an emphasis on team sports while fostering a love of lifetime fitness. Focus on competence in movement skills and skill combinations during complex movement activities. Students in fifth grade focus on applying movement principles and concepts in complex movement activities: body, space, effort, and relationship to movements, and apply principles of accuracy, force, and follow-through when projecting objects.

Opportunity to join the:

• JV Soccer
• cross country
• basketball,
• lacrosse
• softball
• track and field teams

Speech and Drama

Throughout Speech & Drama, Middle School students are introduced to and will develop essential skills such as critical thinking, improvisation, confidence, speaking elements, and audience etiquette.  The classes focus on building confidence to speak in front of varied audiences, understanding drama and theatre to better appreciate performing arts, understanding how emotions are portrayed and perceived differently, and preparing for class presentations and job interviews.

In fifth grade, students receive their first formal introduction to Speech & Drama. For one trimester, student work is centered around effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills. The class will also focus on the beginning elements of the creation of drama, the art form itself, and the use of the voice. The class is broken down into the art of drama/theatre and the basics of speech and public speaking.

Drama:

• Learn basic theatre vocabulary, types of stages, and stage directions
• Perform some improvisational and some open-scripted scenes
• Begin to understand drama/theatre as an art form
• Gain confidence by performing for their classmates
• Begin exploration of emotions and ways to communicate
• Begin working on audience etiquette
• Watch a live theatrical performance

Speech:

• Understand the main elements of best speech practices
• Develop active listening skills and strategies
• Practice all elements of good speaking skills
• Gain experience in self-evaluation of where they are beginning helping to identify areas of improvement moving forward

The transition into Middle School continues through Sixth Grade as the curriculum continues to build skills and knowledge in preparation for high school. Middle School teaching teams are segmented into 5/6 and 7/8 teams, and sixth-grade students benefit from the relationships they have established with the 5/6 teaching team, further helping to facilitate their transition into Middle School. Students gain more independence at this grade level and have more opportunities to model kind behavior to younger students through a variety of activities.  

Language Arts 

Sixth grade offers students the opportunity to sharpen their literacy and communication skills through exposure to a variety of text types and opportunities for expression. 

Shared texts include A Single Shard by Linda Sue Park and The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind by William Kamkwamba and Bryan Mealer, in addition to selected shorter works, including opinion essays, poetry, news articles, and profiles. Students are also expected to read regularly in books of their own choosing. 

Text annotation is modeled and encouraged as students practice active reading: making text connections, noticing the author’s craft, and using evidence to support their ideas. 

In conjunction with their reading, students gain experience in multiple types of writing, including persuasive and literary essays, poetry, memoirs, and fiction. The Writing Revolution framework is used to help students plan and produce multi-paragraph compositions. 

Students engage in regular vocabulary study using word lists derived from both the shared class texts. Students also study morphology and word parts, including affixes as well as Latin and Greek bases. Grammar study is also ongoing throughout the year through the Daily Grammar Practice series, with a focus on parts of speech, sentence parts, types of sentences, conventions, and diagramming.

Math

Congressional Schools’ Singapore Math program emphasizes the progression of math concepts from the concrete to the pictorial to the abstract. It’s this progression that helps children to better understand the “why” behind mathematical operations.  Children develop an appreciation for math as a means of solving a problem.  The result is children with a depth of understanding and confidence in their approach. 

In sixth grade, students grapple with increased complexity in problem-solving, learning to apply appropriate mathematical tools to unique situations. Sixth-grade math is taught with a collaborative, hands-on approach where students are encouraged to take risks when problem-solving, learn from their mistakes, and communicate their mathematical learning effectively.  An increased emphasis is placed on finding the patterns in mathematics, recognizing there is more than one way to solve a problem and efficiency of solutions.  Students are challenged to calculate the area and perimeter of composite figures, discover the relationships between dimensions, and find missing dimensions. Circle properties are introduced, including finding the diameter, radius, special ratio pi,  area, and circumference.  Knowledge of quadrilaterals and triangles continues to expand.

A key area for sixth-grade mathematics is the study of proportional relationships and their relationship to fractions, ratios, and percents.  Students explore the use of proportional relationships through real-world word problems, communicate their understanding via creating tables and graphs, and apply these concepts in novel situations.  The introduction of algebra and algebraic expressions is explored through Hands-On Equations, visuals and understanding the multistep processes. Students are asked to write equations with a single variable to represent a given situation and to find the solutions.  Fraction operations are reinforced, and data analysis is expanded to include developing and interpreting tables and graphs. Technology, including Chromebooks, SmartBoards, and web-based applications such as IXL, continues to be integrated as appropriate for concept exploration, procedural practice, and skill enhancement.  

Projects and many hands-on activities continue to be employed to help students deepen their understanding of the concepts presented and to challenge students to apply their mathematical knowledge effectively and efficiently.  Special emphasis is placed on the following:

• Communicating mathematical ideas effectively
• Taking risks when applying new ideas and concepts
• Finding patterns in numbers and operations and algebra
• Exploring the applicability of geometry

Science 

In our 6th-grade science class, students will embark on an exciting journey through various scientific concepts designed to foster curiosity, critical thinking, and a deeper understanding of the world around us. Our curriculum is structured around six engaging units that cover a wide range of topics, ensuring a well-rounded scientific education. Our goal is to cultivate a deep appreciation for science while equipping students with the knowledge and skills they need to become critical thinkers and problem solvers. 

Topics covered in sixth-grade science include:

• Lab Safety and Expectations: Safety is our number one priority in the science lab. Students will learn essential safety procedures and expectations to ensure a safe and productive learning environment.
• Classification of Life: Students explore the diversity of life on Earth and learn how scientists classify living organisms into different groups based on shared characteristics.
• DNA and Heredity: Students delve into the fascinating world of genetics, DNA, and heredity and discover how traits are passed down from one generation to the next.
• Energy and Work: Students investigate the fundamental principles of energy, including energy transfer, conservation, and the relationship between energy and forces. They then apply their understanding to real-world scenarios and explore the role of energy in everyday life.
• Weather and Climate: Students dive into meteorology as we explore the factors that influence weather and climate. Students will construct models, analyze data, and develop a deeper understanding of Earth's atmospheric systems.
• Engineering Design: Students will engage in engineering design projects throughout the year, refining their problem-solving skills and developing innovative solutions to real-world challenges.
• The Scientific Method and Science Fair: Students uncover the secrets of scientific inquiry as they learn about the scientific method, conduct experiments, and prepare for our exciting science fair.

Social Studies/Global Perspectives

Beginning in 6th grade, social studies exploration expands to Global Perspectives. In preparation for their travels, students review and apply the necessary tools of geography, which include understanding the difference between absolute and relative location, locating major parallels and meridians, using latitude and longitude to determine absolute location, and measuring distance using scale. Once those skills are in place, students travel the world in their study of global issues, such as consumption patterns, migration, and globalization. Through the lenses of thematic maps, graphs, migration biographies, and current events, students deepen their understanding of the world and practice important skills. They analyze cause and effect and primary sources, sequence events, collect and synthesize information, and evaluate and predict future impact.

Project-based learning is a key component of the Social Studies experience. Students work together to create 3D (virtual and actual) models, and numerous online applications became the communication choices for a deep dive into thematic maps, migration, and globalization.

To complement this learning, students also complete several Mystery Skypes with the goal of communicating effectively with awareness of cultural differences, using key map skills to determine locations on a map, using the process of elimination to narrow answers down, and collaborating in a team to solve Mystery Skype partner locations.

Sixth Grade Social Studies Overview:

• The Tools of Geography
• A Spatial Way of Thinking
• Consumption Patterns in the United States: The Impact of Living Well
• Migration to the United States: The Impact on People and Places
• Micro-entrepreneurs: Women’s Role in the Development of Africa
• The Global Sneaker: From Asia to Everywhere

French 

In Middle School, the French program meets five times in a six-day rotation. The program continues to support language acquisition through context and real-life experiences. During this upcoming year, Students will improve their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in French while exploring the language and culture of France and the Francophone countries all over the world. 

• French Level 1b serves as the continuation of French Level 1a, constituting the second half of a two-year curriculum aimed at developing proficiency in French conversation, grammar, and culture.
• Students continue to refine their ability to converse using simple sentences and basic language structures while gradually mastering more complex features of the French language.
• The curriculum encompasses reading, writing, listening, and speaking activities, including skit performances, novel reading, basic conversation practice, essay writing, and grammatical study focusing on the present tense.
• Greater accuracy in language usage is emphasized, along with exposure to more intricate aspects of French grammar.
• Emphasis remains on communication about daily activities and immediate surroundings, with continued use of French in the classroom and exposure to authentic French-speaking cultural materials.
• Themes and vocabulary acquisition encompass a wide range of topics, including pastimes, sports, city landmarks, travel and vacations, months of the year, seasons, weather, ordinal numbers, clothing, and shopping. Additionally, it covers foods and cuisine at home and in restaurants, city and neighborhood exploration, house and furniture.
• Project-based learning offers students immersive experiences in language acquisition while exploring real-world contexts. Through a review of weather patterns, students will delve into the metric system and become proficient weather forecasters, describing weather conditions in French using Celsius. Furthermore, they will assume the role of real estate agents, practicing descriptive language as they showcase houses for sale, detailing rooms, furniture, amenities, and neighborhood features such as parks, stadiums, schools, and restaurants. Collaborative activities with peers will focus on improving speaking skills through scripted skits about favorite activities, sports, and leisure pursuits. These activities are designed to enhance pronunciation, reinforce vocabulary, and foster confidence in French communication.
• Application of French grammar mechanics in discussing actions involving oneself and others, utilizing appropriate tenses such as present, near past, and near future, perfect tense, and imperfect tense.
• Reading comprehension is practiced through the identification of keywords, cognates, and mechanical expressions in texts, including standardized messages like signs, schedules, headlines, advertisements, and menus.
• Cultural awareness is fostered through familiarization with Francophone countries worldwide, alongside a celebration of French holidays throughout the school year.
• Participation in French holiday traditions entails active engagement in cultural festivities, which includes the thorough preparation of traditional recipes like "Crêpes," "Mille-Feuille," "Bûche de Noël," and "Galette des Rois."

Spanish 

In Middle School, the Spanish program meets five times in a six-day rotation. The program continues to support language acquisition through context and real-life experiences. In sixth grade, students will improve their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in Spanish while exploring the language and culture of the Spanish-speaking countries around the world.

• Spanish Level 1b is the continuation of Spanish Level 1a, comprising the second half of a two-year curriculum aimed at developing proficiency in Spanish conversation, grammar, and culture.
• Students continue to refine their ability to converse using simple sentences and basic language structures while gradually mastering more complex features of the Spanish language.
• The curriculum encompasses reading, writing, listening, and speaking activities, including skit performances, novel reading, basic conversation practice, and essay writing.
• Greater accuracy in language usage is emphasized, along with exposure to more intricate aspects of Spanish grammar, such as stem-changing verbs, verbs with irregular yo forms, present progressive, ser vs. estar, saber and conocer, direct and indirect object pronouns, and demonstrative adjectives.
• Vocabulary acquisition revolves around themes including pastimes, sports, places in the city, travel and vacations, months of the year, seasons, weather, ordinal numbers, clothing, shopping and negotiating a price, and theme-related adjectives.
• Projects include skits, a ser and estar selfie project, sports commercials, flipbooks, a travel brochure, a weather forecast, a shopping spree, and a fashion show. 
• Emphasis remains on communication about daily activities and immediate surroundings, with continued use of Spanish in the classroom and exposure to authentic cultural materials such as the ¿Eres tú, María? and Buena Gente video series.
• Proficiency in understanding and following directions in Spanish, including classroom procedures and technology usage, is developed.
• Speaking skills are honed to include complete sentences with correct pronunciation and intonation.
• Application of grammatical concepts in discussing actions involving oneself and others, utilizing appropriate tenses such as present, near past, and simple future.
• Reading comprehension is practiced through the identification of cognates, keywords, and useful expressions in texts, including standardized messages like signs, schedules, headlines, and advertisements.
• Cultural awareness is fostered through familiarization with Spanish-speaking countries, alongside the celebration of Spanish holidays throughout the school year.

Music

The middle school music curriculum aims to provide students with a rich and immersive musical experience that encompasses a wide range of genres, skills, and cultural perspectives. Each student is required to take general music one trimester each year. Whether students are interested in playing instruments, singing in choirs, or exploring music theory, the curriculum offers abundant opportunities for them to pursue their musical passions and embark on a lifelong journey of musical discovery and expression.

The Middle School music program implements a vertically aligned curriculum approach. This offers a structured and coherent learning journey for students, enabling them to progressively enhance their musical abilities year by year. By building upon skills from the previous year, students can develop a solid foundation while also being encouraged to explore and express their creativity. This method not only cultivates technical proficiency but also fosters a deeper appreciation for music and allows students to develop their unique artistic voice. 

Here are a few of the skills that music students will begin to develop by grade level:

Sixth Grade:

• Music literacy: Read and notate rhythmic patterns of increasing complexity, identify diatonic intervals, identify tempo markings
• Performance: Sing and play a varied repertoire of music alone and with others with attention to blend, balance, intonation, and expression.
• Music History: Describe the cultures, musical styles, composers, and historical periods associated with the music literature being studied. 
• Analysis and Critique: Explain the importance of cultural influences and historical context for the interpretation of works of music.

Art 

In 6th Grade Art, students continue to develop skills in process, product, critical and creative thinking, elements of art, and aesthetics. Within these, students will build on their skills and explore the four units of Identity, Object Representation, Abstraction, and 3D Art. In 6th Grade, students focus on building technical skills such as observational drawing, shading, and refining their artwork. Through classroom discussion and demonstrations, students will learn techniques with acrylic paint, watercolor, clay, and pencil. Some projects that might be explored include clay masks, Snapchat filter “selfie” paintings, and independent choice projects. Sixth-grade students begin to find inspiration through art history introduced throughout the trimester. To further their study of art, Congressional students may also take a field trip that includes visits to the NGA, and National Portrait Gallery, among others.

Other units in Art include:

• Symbolism
• Blind-Contour Portraiture 
• Mixed Media Exploration

Physical Education 
Physical Education is a daily class for Sixth Graders. There is an emphasis on team sports while fostering a love of lifelong fitness. Focus on competence in movement skills and skill combinations during complex movement activities. Students in fifth-grade focus on individual contribution to team play for a common goal, support of others during gameplay, and increasing personal fitness levels based on feedback from fitness testing.

In addition, the students have the opportunity to join the following teams:

• JV Soccer
• Cross Country
• Basketball 
• Lacrosse
• Softball
• Track and Field 

Speech & Drama 

In sixth grade, students continue to expand upon their basic knowledge of Speech & Drama. For one trimester, student work is centered around understanding and creating characters using characterization and emotions. They will demonstrate public speaking and understand the essential history of theatre. The class will also focus on script work and the continuation of the importance of audience etiquette. The class is broken down into the art of drama/theatre and the basics of speech and public speaking while tying in any possible interest in debate. 

Drama:

• Review basic theatre vocabulary, types of stages, and stage directions
• Review improvisational activities
• Learn about the history of theatre and drama with a project presentation
• Continue to gain confidence by performing for their classmates
• Creating characters through emotion and characterization elements
• Work on scripts by understanding drama from a writer’s perspective
• Begin to identify dramatic elements of plot, setting, and conflict
• Continue working on audience etiquette
• Watch a live theatrical performance

Speech:

• Review the main elements of best speech practices
• Continue to develop active listening skills and strategies
• Practice writing a basic persuasive speech and presenting 
• Continue to gain experience in self-evaluation of where they are beginning helping to identify areas of improvement moving forward.
• Begin to understand the basic elements of debate to inspire some interest.

Health, Human Development, and Sexuality Education

The Health and Sexuality classes engage students in discussions and activities designed to enhance relationship skills and healthy behaviors, such as communication and conflict resolution strategies for face-to-face and online interactions, setting boundaries, seeking affirmative consent, and self-advocacy. Students will reflect on attitudes and values and how those impact decisions regarding relationships and navigating peer pressure, students will explore sources for learning about health and sexuality and review criteria for identifying trustworthy sources, students will learn about and explore respect and boundaries in relationships while enhancing their understanding of harassment, sexual harassment, sexual assault, abuse, and how to access resources for support/help.  

In single-gender classes, students will learn anatomy, sexual development (including gender identity development and sexual orientation), the process of reproduction, hygiene, and self-care.  The concept of setting boundaries, seeking consent, and limit setting in regards to showing affection and the value of abstaining from intercourse behaviors will be introduced.   Aligned with the lessons provided by Prevention Solutions, students engage in role plays and discussions exploring the dynamics of peer pressure, decision-making, and utilizing healthy coping strategies to promote abstaining from substance use.  All lessons will include the exploration and analysis of messages and images young people are exposed to through current media sources. Students are encouraged to ask questions and continue these conversations at home with parents and guardians.

Increased academic expectations in Seventh Grade continue as we prepare students for the rigors of high school. Leadership opportunities are more abundant beginning in this grade as the students develop their individual sense of identity and confidence. Many experiences are available to broaden their horizons; Student Council, Varsity team sports, the school musical, a 7th Grade team-building retreat, Middle School international travel opportunities are among the many choices presented. 

Language Arts

Seventh-grade English students develop advanced skills in reading, writing, grammar, and vocabulary. The curriculum pushes students to read as writers and to analyze an author’s style, voice, purpose, and message when reading. 

Students study multi-paragraph and essay writing through The Writing Revolution framework. Students gain experience in multiple styles of writing, producing analytical essays, short stories, persuasive essays, and research essays.  

As readers, students are encouraged to read texts of a variety of formats and genres in order to familiarize themself with a wide breadth of literature. These texts include but are not limited to The Giver by Lois Lowry; One Last Word: Wisdom from the Harlem Renaissance by Nikki Grimes; Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare; and poetry, short prose, and other works from a variety of authors, including Ray Bradbury, Langston Hughes, Shirley Jackson, and Danielle Smith-Llera. Students are also encouraged to foster a love of literature by reading for pleasure outside of class, and students track this independent reading throughout the year.

Furthermore, students learn academic vocabulary through Vocabulary Workshop. Students also study morphology as well as Greek and Latin roots. Students review crucial grammar concepts through the Daily Grammar Practice series and diagramming sentences.

Math

Pre-Algebra

The Pre-Algebra course begins with solidifying knowledge of operations with real numbers, including integers, fractions, decimals, and percents. Throughout the course, the exploration of algebraic and geometric concepts deepens while building upon prior knowledge from previous math courses. Real-world applications are incorporated throughout the course to help students make connections between algebra, geometry, and the world around them.  Technology is integrated as appropriate for concept exploration, procedural practice, and skill enhancement.

In this student-centered course, students are encouraged to communicate their mathematical thinking in both large and small groups. Projects and other hands-on activities allow students to deepen their understanding of concepts. Students will take part in creating a safe, supportive classroom atmosphere where taking academic risks is celebrated and mistakes are utilized as opportunities for learning. Students are encouraged to utilize multiple methods for approaching a problem in order to strengthen their critical thinking skills.

Topics covered include:

• The real number system
• Algebraic expressions, equations, and inequalities
• Ratios and proportions
• Linear relationships
• Geometry

Science

As seventh-grade science students, students continue to explore different areas of science, such as chemistry, life science, and earth science. Throughout the year, students build scientific knowledge, practice scientific inquiry, and develop critical thinking. They engage in hands-on learning activities and complete student-driven projects. Our goal is to encourage students to question, experiment, and create in a way that is relevant to their everyday lives! 

Topics covered in seventh-grade science include:

• Relationships in Ecosystems: Students examine patterns of interactions between organisms and their environment in a variety of ecosystems. We travel to the Chincoteague Bay Field Station on a three-day overnight field trip to explore the diverse ecology of Virginia’s Eastern seashore. 
• Human Body Systems: Students explore the human body, from cells to organ systems. Students learn to distinguish between different cell types and then dive into the inner workings of cells and organelles. 
• Heat and Matter: Students explore the structure of matter both at the macroscopic and particle level. They model and observe changes of state, changes with heat, and changes with pressure. 
• Chemical Reactions: Students learn about atoms and molecules and then explore a variety of chemical reactions.
• Science Fair: All students participate in our yearly Congressional Science Fair. Students choose a research question, make a hypothesis, design their experiment, collect data, analyze results, and present their findings to our school community.

Social Studies/World History

The seventh-grade curriculum is a survey of world history, beginning with the rise of humankind and covering significant historical eras up to and including the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Age.

Students examine where the earliest civilizations took root and how the elements of culture and civilization spread around the globe. From the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans to the Middle Ages, Exploration and Colonization, and ultimately the Age of Reason, students learn to analyze events and evaluate their impact. Concepts such as democracy, republic, legal codes, economic systems, and political, scientific, and religious revolutions are examined with an emphasis on their effect on later American history.

During the course of the year, students will research and write a report on significant movements in world history. Specific instructions are given for the structure and content of the report. An oral report and visual presentation accompany each report. In addition, students will work with timelines, maps and ancillary readings to aid them in comprehending the most significant aspects of the periods of history covered. Specific emphasis is placed on but not limited to the following:

• Ancient Kingdoms
• Greek democracy and the Roman republic
• Middle Ages economy and society
• Renaissance and Reformation
• Exploration and Colonization
• Enlightenment, Absolutism, and Revolution

French

In Middle School, the French program meets five times in a six-day rotation. The program continues to support language acquisition through context and real-life experiences. During this upcoming year, Students will improve their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in French while exploring the language and culture of France and the Francophone countries all over the world. Students begin to develop communicative competence in French and expand their understanding of the culture(s) of francophone countries. 

A key aspect of learning French is using the language in the actual world outside the classroom setting. At Congressional, technology is integrated with Chromebooks and SmartBoards, enabling students to access authentic information in French and offering students the opportunity to interact with other French speakers. Students will continue to work toward mastering the important knowledge, skills, and understanding of French conversation, grammar, and culture. 

• French level 2a serves as the continuation of French Level 1a and 1b. French Level 2a aims to advance proficiency in the four primary communicative skills of French: listening, speaking, reading, and writing, with a focus on accuracy in basic language structures and exposure to more complex features.
• Emphasis remains on communication regarding personal daily activities and immediate surroundings, with continued integration of French language use in the classroom and authentic materials for cultural exploration.
• Students will demonstrate recognition of present, past, and future tenses through regular and irregular verb forms and time expressions.
• Themes and vocabulary acquisition extend to various facets of travel, encompassing essential skills such as navigating hotel stays, making reservations, and exploring French-speaking countries. Students will delve into cultural nuances as they review weather patterns, clothing customs, and lodging accommodations. Furthermore, the curriculum encourages critical thinking through the comparative analysis of housing structures in France and the USA, fostering a deeper understanding of architectural and cultural differences between the two regions. Through these comprehensive explorations, students develop not only linguistic proficiency but also a broader cultural awareness and appreciation.
• Project-based learning aims to develop students' ability to sustain short conversations on familiar topics and deliver presentations entirely in French, such as discussing a famous French figure. Collaborative skills will be nurtured through the creation and performance of French skits with peers. Additionally, students will enhance their language proficiency by writing, creating, and recording dialogues for short movies. They will also collaborate with a partner to design and play a board game entirely in French, fostering interactive language practice. Furthermore, students will learn to leverage online AI tools smartly, including translation services, to enhance language learning. Through creative projects such as creating a quilt about a French-speaking country and designing a hotel brochure incorporating travel vocabulary, students will deepen their understanding of French culture and language. Lastly, they will plan a trip, describing various destinations, thereby reinforcing their vocabulary and grammar skills in real-world contexts.
• Mastery of French conversation, grammar, and culture is assessed through various means, including readings, essays, projects, and participation in the National French Exam at Level I in the Spring.
• Engagement with French holiday traditions forms an integral part of the curriculum, immersing students in cultural festivities. This includes hands-on participation in the meticulous preparation of revered traditional recipes like "Crêpes," "Bûche de Noël," and "Galette des Rois."

Spanish

In Middle School, the Spanish program meets five times in a six-day rotation. The program continues to support language acquisition through context and real-life experiences. During seventh grade, students will continue to improve their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in Spanish while exploring the language and culture of the Spanish-speaking world.

Students begin to develop communicative competence in Spanish and expand their understanding of Hispanic culture. A key aspect of learning Spanish is using the language in the actual world outside the classroom setting. At Congressional, technology is integrated with Chromebooks and SmartBoards, enabling students to access authentic information in Spanish and offering students the opportunity to interact with other Spanish speakers. Students continue to work toward mastering the important grammar concepts and skills used to participate in successful conversations. Spanish, level 2a, aims to develop proficiency with the four primary communicative skills of Spanish: listening, speaking, reading, and writing, with a focus on accuracy in basic language structures and exposure to more complex features. Each spring, seventh-grade Spanish students take level 1 of the National Spanish Exam.

• Spanish level 2a is the first half of the second-year curriculum aimed at developing proficiency in Spanish conversation, grammar, and culture.
• Students continue to refine their ability to converse using simple sentences and basic language structures while gradually mastering more complex features of the Spanish language.
• The curriculum encompasses reading, writing, listening, and speaking activities, including skit performances, novel reading, basic conversation practice, and essay writing.
• Greater accuracy in language usage is emphasized, along with exposure to more intricate aspects of Spanish grammar, such as usage of the preterite tense of regular verbs, reflexive verbs, indefinite and negative words, preterite of ser and ir, verbs like gustar, preterite of stem-changing verbs, double object pronouns, comparisons, superlatives, irregular preterites, verbs that change meaning in the preterite, ¿Qué? and ¿Cuál?, and pronouns after prepositions.
• Vocabulary acquisition revolves around themes including daily routines and personal hygiene, expressions of time, food and meals, parties and celebrations, personal relationships, and stages of life.
• Projects include essays/compositions, skits, daily routine videos, menu design, cooking shows, flipbooks, family interviews, planning a fiesta, and a treasure hunt.
• Emphasis remains on communication about daily activities and immediate surroundings, with continued use of Spanish in the classroom and exposure to authentic cultural materials such as the Destinos series and the video mystery En busca de la verdad.
• Students will gain an appreciation for Hispanic traditions, holidays, and pastimes; and acquire knowledge of the cultural history of various Hispanic countries, their cuisine, diversity of lifestyles, and influence on the U.S.

Latin

In seventh grade, students use Unit I of the Cambridge Latin series. The major grammar topics include three cases for three declensions, direct and indirect pronouns, four verb conjugations in three tenses, and irregular verbs. All grammar topics are introduced in an evenly paced manner so that students can competently master basic skills before progressing to more sophisticated structures. Vocabulary expansion occurs as emphasis is placed on the Latin origins of English words. Students become familiar with both grammar and cultural topics in a story format. Throughout the year, they follow the family of Caecilius and daily life in the Roman city of Pompeii in the year 79 CE. The story ends with the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius and the mystery of who has or has not survived this tragic event. All seventh-grade Latin students take the National Latin exam each spring. Other areas covered during the year include:

• day-to-day life in Roman society 
• Roman mythology and history 
• Roman numerals 
• ancillary readings on various topics related to the Latin language, and Roman culture and history

Music

The middle school music curriculum aims to provide students with a rich and immersive musical experience that encompasses a wide range of genres, skills, and cultural perspectives. Each student is required to take general music one trimester each year. Whether students are interested in playing instruments, singing in choirs, or exploring music theory, the curriculum offers abundant opportunities for them to pursue their musical passions and embark on a lifelong journey of musical discovery and expression.

The Middle School music program implements a vertically aligned curriculum approach. This offers a structured and coherent learning journey for students, enabling them to progressively enhance their musical abilities year by year. By building upon skills from the previous year, students can develop a solid foundation while also being encouraged to explore and express their creativity. This method not only cultivates technical proficiency but also fosters a deeper appreciation for music and allows students to develop their unique artistic voice. 

Here are a few of the skills that music students will begin to develop by grade level:

Seventh Grade:

• Music literacy: Read and notate rhythmic patterns that include sixteenth notes, dotted notes, and corresponding rests.
• Performance: Sing or play music written in two or three parts on the treble and bass staves from a varied repertoire of music.
• Music History & Cultural Context: Describe how musicians, consumers of music, and music advocates impact the community.
• Analysis and Critique: Explain the value of musical performance to society.

Art

In 7th Grade Art, students work on developing skills in process, product, critical and creative thinking, research, elements of art, principles of design, and aesthetics. Within these, students will build on their skills and explore the four units of Identity, Object Representation, Color, and Sculpture. In 7th Grade, students focus on refining their technical craft while developing their own artistic voice through projects such as implementing color theory and designing their own community-based projects. 7th Grade students go beyond the practice of art with the study of art history and movements. Typically, prior to each unit, a short slide lecture is given to introduce the project within a historical context.  To further their study of art, Congressional students may also take a field trip that includes visits to the Hirshorn and the National Museum of African Art, among others.

Other units in art include:

• Collaborative Sculpture Design
• Value Studies
• Logo Design

Speech & Drama

Throughout Speech & Drama, Middle School students are introduced to and will work on the development of essential skills such as critical thinking, improvisation, confidence, speaking elements, and audience etiquette that they will utilize in all of their middle school classes and careers as well as into their high school education and beyond. Some of the primary focuses of the class include building confidence to speak in front of peers and those older than them, understanding the art form of drama and theatre as an appreciation for the performing arts, understanding emotions in how we portray and perceive human interaction differently, preparing for class presentations and future school/job interviews, and learning the respect required of being an audience member. 

In seventh grade, students continue to expand upon their knowledge of Speech & Drama. For one trimester, student work is centered around creating their own dramatic scripts and elements, as well as beginning to understand all technical elements of theatre. The class will also get creative with different musical theatre experiences/shows. In addition, focus will be placed on project presentations and informative speeches with some extra work on the art of debating. 

Drama:

• Review basic theatre vocabulary, types of stages, and stage directions
• Review improvisational activities
• Expand upon the history of theatre and musical theatre by focusing on specific shows/musical experiences.
• Continue to gain confidence by performing for their classmates
• Working with peers to create characters, scenarios, and emotions in a piece of drama
• Continue to identify and expand upon dramatic elements of plot, setting, dialogue, characters, and conflict
• Continue working on audience etiquette
• Begin to understand and work on all technical elements of the dramatic arts
• Watch a live theatrical performance

Speech:

• Review the main elements of best speech practices
• Continue to develop active listening skills and strategies
• Practice writing an informative speech and presenting
• Continue to gain experience in self-evaluation of where they are beginning helping to identify areas of improvement moving forward.
• Explore the art of debate by researching and debating with classmates.

Health, Human Development, and Sexuality Education

The Health and Sexuality classes engage students in discussions and activities designed to hone relationship skills such as communication of needs and boundaries, seeking consent, giving affirmative consent, conflict resolution strategies, and self-advocacy in their face-to-face and online interactions using role play and scenarios addressing social media, peer pressure, friendships, puberty, attraction, and substance use.  Students will identify the connection between values and decision-making as they strive for healthy relationships with themselves and others.  Students will be able to define harassment, sexual harassment, sexual assault, rape, and sexual abuse and identify the warning signs of abuse and violent teen dating relationships, and how to access resources for support/help.  Students will broaden their understanding of the diversity of sexual identity development (including gender identity and sexual orientation) to ensure each student feels welcome and safe as they mature and develop.  

In the single-gender classes, students enhance their knowledge of reproductive anatomy and development, reproduction, sexually transmitted infections, options for reducing the risk for pregnancy and infections, pregnancy options, hygiene, and self-care.  The emotional, physical, and legal benefits of setting boundaries/limits and affirmative consent regarding showing affection, including intercourse behaviors, are emphasized.  Students also learn the emotional and physical benefits of abstaining from intercourse behaviors.  Aligned with the lessons provided by Prevention Solutions, students engage in scenario discussions exploring the dynamics of peer pressure, decision-making, and utilizing healthy coping strategies to promote abstaining from substance use.  All lessons will include the exploration and analysis of messages and images young people are exposed to through current media sources. Students are encouraged to ask questions and continue these conversations at home with parents and guardians.

Athletics
Physical Education is a daily class in seventh grade. There is an emphasis on developing proficiency in one or more team sports while fostering a love of lifelong fitness. Students focus on continuing to improve individual performance on physical fitness tests and their ability to articulate the achievement of goals. Students in seventh-grade focus on individual contribution to team play for a common goal and support of others during gameplay or recreation activities. 

Additionally, students in seventh grade are required to participate in one team sport during the school year. The choices include:

• Soccer
• Cross Country
• Volleyball
• Basketball
• Lacrosse
• Softball
• Baseball
• Track and Field 

Eighth-grade students are the senior class at Congressional School, and this milestone in their educational journey is celebrated all year, starting in the fall when they receive their coveted senior class jackets. The high school application process begins in this grade, and students and parents are guided through, step by step, from the initial school search through the application and interview process. Academic expectations in Eighth Grade continue to be high, and students continue to be encouraged to have a well-rounded approach to their education through participation in Varsity sports, after-school activities, extracurricular programs, and leadership opportunities.  

Language Arts

Eighth-grade English students hone their skills as writers, readers, grammarians, and critical thinkers. The curriculum drives students to engage with challenging literature across genres and craft effective, polished writing. 

Students study multi-paragraph and essay writing through The Writing Revolution framework. Students gain experience in multiple styles of writing, producing personal narratives, research papers, project proposals, analytical essays, and poetry. 

Furthermore, students read both contemporary and established texts, including novels, nonfiction, drama, poetry, short stories, articles, and essays. These texts include but are not limited to Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson; Animal Farm by George Orwell; Macbeth by William Shakespeare; and shorter works by a variety of authors, including Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, Joy Harjo, Ada Limón, Walt Whitman, and Jenny Xie. Students are also encouraged to foster a love of literature by reading for pleasure outside of class, and students track this independent reading throughout the year.

Additionally, students learn academic vocabulary through Vocabulary Workshop, Students also study morphology as well as Greek and Latin roots. Students explore advanced grammar concepts, such as sentence parts, structure, and composition, through the Daily Grammar Practice series and diagramming sentences.

Math

Algebra

The algebra units of study are complex and exciting. Recalling past math facts will be essential to move forward with the exploration of the concepts this year. The focus is to utilize their existing information to support new algorithms while developing solution strategies. Students will be encouraged to think in more abstract terms in order to explore the material at a variety of levels and from more than one perspective. This course includes exploration of more than one solution path to open questions that focus on the understanding of the concept and the solving process. They will be encouraged to develop justifications in supporting their opinions, ideas, and conclusions. Technology is integrated as appropriate for concept exploration, procedural practice, and skill enhancement.

Students will take part in creating a safe, supportive classroom atmosphere where taking academic risks is celebrated and mistakes are utilized as opportunities for learning. Students will practice communicating their mathematical ideas effectively through large group discussions, partner shares, and written work. Students will develop an appreciation for the beauty of math, as well as an appreciation for their own individual problem-solving strategies. 

Topics covered include:

• Solving equations and inequalities 
• Polynomials; combining and factoring 
• Linear Equations; solving systems and graphing  
• Quadratic equations; solving  
• Simplifying expressions with variables and exponents

Geometry

Geometry class follows an algebraic-based geometry curriculum that serves to create strong connections between algebra and geometry. Logic and proof, along with formal theorems, will be introduced, and students will begin to write justifications for each of their solution steps. Technology is integrated as appropriate for concept exploration, procedural practice, and skill enhancement. We begin the year solidifying our understanding of Euclidean Geometry and move right into geometric reasoning. Strong recall of previously learned algebra processes will be essential for this course as we explore topics such as line relationships, attributes of triangles, trigonometry, quadrilaterals, circles, transformations, volume, and surface area. Critical thinking skills, complex reasoning, and a strong work ethic will be relied upon as we tackle advanced concepts and proofs.

Students will learn in a safe, supportive classroom atmosphere where taking academic risks is essential; mistakes are shared, explored, and utilized as opportunities for learning and improvement. Students will explore and discuss mathematical concepts, demonstrate tenacity while working through possible solutions, collaborate to work towards a common goal, and articulate their solution paths verbally and through their written work. Students will develop an appreciation for the beauty of math, as well as an appreciation for their own individual problem-solving techniques.

The depth and complexity of each of these additional topics will also be explored:

• Inductive and deductive reasoning
• Parallel and perpendicular lines
• Congruence and similarity
• Properties and relationships within triangles, quadrilaterals, and circles
• Right triangles and an introduction to Trigonometry
• Three-dimensional figures; dimensions and their properties

Science

Our eighth-grade science curriculum provides an engaging and comprehensive science education that aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) while fostering critical thinking, inquiry, and problem-solving skills. Throughout the year, students engage in engineering design practices, refine their problem-solving skills, and optimize their experimental design. By the end of the middle school years, students are equipped with the ability to define problems precisely, select optimal solutions, and apply their knowledge to real-world challenges.

Topics covered in 8th-grade science include:

• The Scientific Method: Students review the essential steps of the scientific method and engage in hands-on activities to reinforce their understanding of this fundamental process.
• Properties of Matter: Students delve into the world of matter, exploring its properties, states, and behaviors. Through experiments and investigations, they develop a deeper understanding of concepts such as density, solubility, and atmospheric pressure.
• Forces and Motion: Students explore inertia, gravitational forces, and Newton's laws of motion. They apply these principles to explain various phenomena and engage in engineering practices to solve real-world problems related to collisions.
• The Properties of Waves: Students investigate the characteristic properties and behaviors of waves, including wave properties and electromagnetic radiation. 
• Space Science: In this unit, students explore Earth's place in the Universe, the components of our solar system, and the motion of Earth. They use models to understand cyclic patterns such as seasons, eclipses, and tides and explore the technologies used to study objects in our solar system.
• Earth's Geologic History: Students delve into the history of Earth, examining how geologic events and life forms have shaped our planet over time. They explore plate tectonics, fossil records, and geological processes, gaining insights into Earth's dynamic evolution.

Social Studies

In eighth grade, the students take a comprehensive study of the history of the United States. Basic concepts and themes from the seventh-grade history class are built upon and enhanced. Beginning with the settlement of Jamestown, students learn the initial causes of what will later become the Civil War between the agrarian South and the industrial North. In addition to the study of the country’s history, students will spend several weeks studying the Constitution, and as the year progresses, they will apply their knowledge of the Constitution to analyze and evaluate later historical events. Primary source reading is an essential aspect for the students to understand better the historical events they read about in their textbooks. Additional activities include but are not limited to:

• Field trip to Monticello and Montpelier
• Civil Rights trip to Georgia and Alabama
• Other field trips have included tours of the Capitol, Supreme Court, Smithsonian Institute, and the Archives.

French

In Middle School, the French program convenes five times within a six-day rotation, providing ample opportunities for language acquisition through contextual learning and real-life experiences. Throughout the upcoming academic year, students will enhance their proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing in French. This will be achieved through an exploration of the language and culture of France, as well as various Francophone countries worldwide.

• French Level 2b seamlessly builds upon the foundation established in French Level 2a, marking the second phase of a comprehensive two-year curriculum. This continuation is designed to further enhance students' proficiency in French conversation, grammar, and cultural understanding. Through immersive learning experiences, students deepen their linguistic skills while exploring nuanced aspects of the French language and culture, preparing them for advanced levels of language proficiency and cultural competence. 
• Themes and vocabulary in the 8th-grade curriculum cover essential aspects of daily life, such as daily routines, expressing emotions, and discussing health concerns with medical professionals. Students will also learn vocabulary related to body parts, technology, and cars, including driving skills and car security measures. Additionally, they will explore the evolution of technology in school environments, examining its impact on education and learning processes. This includes vocabulary related to computers, smartphones, and their roles in modern education settings.
• Project-based learning in French Level 2 incorporates a variety of engaging activities aimed at reinforcing language skills and cultural understanding. Students will engage in skits depicting morning routines, applying reflexive verbs and vocabulary related to body parts. Additionally, they will present a Pecha Kucha presentation on the character of the novel "Le petit Nicolas," demonstrating comprehension and analytical skills. Furthermore, students will demonstrate their language proficiency by writing, creating, and recording a dialogue for a short movie. Lastly, they will practice grammar tenses and vocabulary acquired through tasks such as writing a dialogue about visiting the doctor and driving a car. These activities foster holistic language development while immersing students in the French language and culture.
• Writing proficiency will be honed through the composition of short paragraphs applying learned French grammar mechanics and utilizing structures reflecting present, past, future time, conditional and subjunctive tenses.
• Mastery of French conversation, grammar, and culture is assessed through various means, including readings, essays, projects, and participation in the National French Exam at Level 2 in the Spring.
• French holiday traditions are seamlessly integrated into the curriculum, offering students immersive experiences in cultural festivities. Through hands-on participation, students engage in the meticulous preparation of revered traditional recipes such as "Crêpes," "Bûche de Noël," and "Galette des Rois," enriching their understanding of French culture and culinary heritage.

Spanish

In Middle School, the Spanish program meets five times in a six-day rotation. The program continues to support language acquisition through context and real-life experiences. During eighth grade, students will continue to improve their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in Spanish while exploring the language and culture of the Spanish-speaking world.

Students proceed with developing communicative competence in Spanish while expanding an understanding of Hispanic culture. A key aspect of learning Spanish is using the language in the actual world outside the classroom setting. At Congressional, technology is integrated with Chromebooks and SmartBoards, enabling students to access authentic information in Spanish and offering students the opportunity to interact with other Spanish speakers. Students continue to work toward mastering the important grammar concepts and skills used to participate in successful conversations. Spanish, level 2b, aims to increase proficiency with the four primary communicative skills of Spanish: listening, speaking, reading, and writing, with a focus on accuracy in basic language structures and exposure to more complex features. Each spring, eighth-grade Spanish students take level 2 of the National Spanish Exam.

• Spanish level 2b is the second half of the second-year curriculum aimed at developing proficiency in Spanish conversation, grammar, and culture.
• Students continue to refine their ability to converse using more complex sentences and language structures while mastering the more complex features of the Spanish language.
• The curriculum encompasses reading, writing, listening, and speaking activities, including skit performances, novel reading, basic conversation practice, and essay writing. Students will infer actions and motives from narrated passages and dialogues. Students will learn to make a persuasive argument, interpret the feelings or values of others, give advice, and make recommendations.
• Greater accuracy in language usage is emphasized, along with more intricate aspects of Spanish grammar, such as usage of the imperfect tense, preterite vs. imperfect tenses, constructions with se, adverbs, familiar and formal commands, por and para, reciprocal reflexives, relative pronouns, future tense, and present subjunctive.
• Vocabulary acquisition revolves around themes including health and medical terms, parts of the body, symptoms and medical conditions, health professions, computers and technology, the car and its accessories, parts of a house, chores, and table settings.
• Projects include “Cuando era niño/a” slide show, writing a fairy tale, “la casa ideal” design and build, blogs, newscast, vocabulary-related skits, and creating an animal refuge or sanctuary.
• Emphasis remains on communication about daily activities and immediate surroundings, with continued use of Spanish in the classroom and exposure to authentic cultural materials such as the Destinos series and the video mystery En busca de la verdad.
• Students will gain an appreciation for Hispanic traditions, holidays, and pastimes; and acquire knowledge of the cultural history of various Hispanic countries, their cuisine, diversity of lifestyles, and influence on the U.S.

Latin

Eighth-grade Latin students use Unit II of the Cambridge Latin series. While a thorough review of the basic skills continues throughout the school year, new topics are introduced, including the genitive, ablative, and vocative cases, the two remaining declensions, the pluperfect tense, and present and past participles and their uses, relative and reflexive pronouns, and prepositions and the cases they govern. The storyline continues with some familiar characters from the previous year, but the venue changes to Roman Britain and, later, to ancient Alexandria. All eighth-grade Latin students take the National Latin exam each spring. Other areas covered during the year include:

• Use of a foreign language dictionary
• Ancillary readings on various topics related to the Latin language, and Roman culture and history

Music

The middle school music curriculum aims to provide students with a rich and immersive musical experience that encompasses a wide range of genres, skills, and cultural perspectives. Each student is required to take general music one trimester each year. Whether students are interested in playing instruments, singing in choirs, or exploring music theory, the curriculum offers abundant opportunities for them to pursue their musical passions and embark on a lifelong journey of musical discovery and expression.

The Middle School music program implements a vertically aligned curriculum approach. This offers a structured and coherent learning journey for students, enabling them to progressively enhance their musical abilities year by year. By building upon skills from the previous year, students can develop a solid foundation while also being encouraged to explore and express their creativity. This method not only cultivates technical proficiency but also fosters a deeper appreciation for music and allows students to develop their unique artistic voice. 

Here are a few of the skills that music students will begin to develop by grade level:

Eighth Grade:

• Music literacy: Identify melodic patterns, using specific interval names (e.g. third, fifth), when reading music.
• Performance: Perform rhythmic patterns that include syncopation in duple and triple meters, using voice, body percussion, and instruments.
• Music History & Cultural Context: explain the relationship of music to the other fine arts and other fields of knowledge.
• Evaluation & Critique: Apply student-created criteria for critiquing musical performances of self and others.

Music Electives

In addition to taking general music throughout middle school, students also have the opportunity to take additional “elective” music courses in something that piques their interest.  Electives are offered each quarter, and courses may vary from year to year based on student interest.  Some of our most popular music elective courses have been:

Jam Sesh

Offered for grade levels 6, 7, and 8, students are invited to create their own band and perform music that interests them.  Students may choose to sing, play guitar, electric guitar, bass guitar, drum set, xylophones, or other percussion instruments and jam with their friends to a song(s) of their choice.  Our music instructor will work with individual students and teach them melodies and accompaniments based on their individual skill levels.  

Introduction to Guitar

Offered to students in grades 6, 7, and 8 who are interested in learning basic guitar techniques.  Students will learn strumming techniques and common chords to accompany many of today’s popular songs.

Song Writing

Offered to students in grades 6, 7, and 8 who are interested in writing their own songs.  Students will write their own lyrics and create their own music to accompany those lyrics using common music apps. 

Art

In 8th Grade Art, students implement all their previous skills in product, critical and creative thinking, research, elements of art, principles of design, and aesthetics. Within these, students will build on their skills and explore the four units of Identity, Object Representation, Social Communities and Historical Context, and Sculpture. In 8th Grade, students focus on finding inspiration through their own identity and interests while going above and beyond the classroom and into different communities and cultures. They learn how to implement intentional design elements while also exploring their own personal interest, like with “Slab-Sculptures that Tell Stories.”

Other units in art include: 

• Craft and Material Studies 
• Graphic Design

Electives

Drawing and Painting: During the course, students work on building their technical skills with different mediums such as pencil, charcoal, watercolor, and acrylic paints.  Students will explore diverse contemporary artists that communicate themes of identity through works such as self-portraits. Through classroom discussion and demonstrations, students will learn appropriate technical skills such as how to create chiaroscuros, mixed-media building, facial proportions, and accurate observational drawing. Initial concepts will be brainstormed, researched, and drafted while students develop presentation skills, critique etiquette, and verbal and written articulation of ideas. 

3D Design: In this course, students focus on material investigation while highlighting themes such as social justice, identity, and pop art. Students will gain a deeper knowledge of sculpture while exploring their own interests within each theme. During the course, students will participate in classroom demonstrations that teach 3D technical building with materials such as paper-mâché, wire, and clay. Initial concepts will be brainstormed, researched, and drafted while students develop presentation skills, critique etiquette, and verbal and written articulation of ideas.

Ceramics and Hand Building: In this course, students will hone their hand-building skills while exploring the art of ceramics. Students will practice the three techniques of pinch, coil, and slab by creating individual projects that incorporate the skill. Initial concepts will be brainstormed, researched, and drafted while students develop verbal and written articulation of ideas. Students will also explore layering glazes to see how different glazes interact. While technical skills are emphasized, the course also encourages students to develop their unique artistic voice and personal style.

Performance Art: In this course, students will learn about performance art and the four elements of time, space, body, and audience. After researching different performance artists and examining performance pieces, students will create two of their own performances using sculptural techniques and video. Once their ideas have been brainstormed and planned, students will perform their pieces and conduct critiques with their classmates.

Speech & Drama

In eighth grade, student work is focused on bringing together all elements of drama that have been learned in a longer scene with technical elements and memorization. The class will also prepare for interviews and public speeches/presentations, with one final speech performance. In addition, focus will be placed on all important speech elements that are essential for moving on to high school, with some final debate activities based on active listening, focus, and communication skills.  

Drama:

• Review all theatre basics learned throughout middle school, including theatre vocabulary, types of stages, and stage directions, improvisational activities, script work, characterization, emotions
• Culminate all theatrical knowledge by preparing one large drama presentation with theatrical elements
• Assure confidence in performing and presenting in front of others
• Displaying best audience etiquette practices
• Watch a live theatrical performance

Speech:

• Review the main elements of best speech practices, active listening skills, speech presenting, and confidence
• Write and present a cumulative speech preparing for 8th-grade presentations and high school education continuation
• Exhibit self-evaluation skills in presentations
• Expand upon debate skills
• Demonstrate active listening, improvisation, and focus skills through the art of debate resulting in strong communication skills overall.

Health, Human Development, and Sexuality Education

The Health and Sexuality classes engage students in discussions and activities designed to hone relationship skills such as communication of needs and boundaries, seeking consent, giving affirmative consent, conflict resolution strategies, and self-advocacy in their face-to-face and online interactions using role play and scenarios addressing social media, peer pressure, friendships, puberty, attraction, and substance use.  Students will identify the connection between values and decision-making as they strive for healthy relationships with themselves and others.  Students will be able to define harassment, sexual harassment, sexual assault, rape, and sexual abuse and identify the warning signs of abuse and violent teen dating relationships, and how to access resources for support/help.  Students will broaden their understanding of the diversity of sexual identity development (including gender identity and sexual orientation) to ensure each student feels welcome and safe as they mature and develop.  

In the single-gender classes, students enhance their knowledge of reproductive anatomy and development, reproduction, sexually transmitted infections, options for reducing the risk for pregnancy and infections, pregnancy options, hygiene, and self-care.  The emotional, physical, and legal benefits of setting boundaries/limits and affirmative consent regarding showing affection, including intercourse behaviors, are emphasized.  Students also learn the emotional and physical benefits of abstaining from intercourse behaviors.  Aligned with the lessons provided by Prevention Solutions, students engage in scenario discussions exploring the dynamics of peer pressure, decision-making, and utilizing healthy coping strategies to promote abstaining from substance use.  All lessons will include the exploration and analysis of messages and images young people are exposed to through current media sources. Students are encouraged to ask questions and continue these conversations at home with parents and guardians.

Athletics

Physical Education is a daily class for eighth graders. There is an emphasis on developing proficiency in one or more team sports while fostering a love of lifelong fitness. Students focus on continuing to improve individual performance on physical fitness tests and their ability to articulate the achievement of goals. Students in seventh-grade focus on individual contribution to team play for a common goal and support of others during gameplay or recreation activities. 

Additionally, students in seventh grade are required to participate in one team sport during the school year. The choices include:

• Soccer
• Cross Country
• Volleyball
• Basketball
• Lacrosse
• Softball
• Track & Field